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Table 6 Comparison of within groups before and after the intervention

From: The effects of waxy barley on defecation, sleep, mental health, and quality of life: a randomized double-blind parallel-group comparison study

  1. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank sum test. Defecation status was analyzed using data from survey A1 and one month’s defecation data aggregated from Surveys A2 and A3. Other comparisons were analyzed using data from the first and third surveys
  2. 1The data are averages per survey day. All other data for defecation status are averages per defecation day
  3. 2Number of egg conversion
  4. 3According to the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI-J)
  5. 4According to the Patient Health Questionnaire- 9 (J-PHQ- 9)
  6. 5According to the Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey version 2 (SF- 36)
  7. 6According to the Food Frequency Questionnaires NEXT short version (short-FFQ)
  8. 7Protiens calculated based on the Japanese amino acid composition table
  9. 8Fatty acids expressed in triacylglycerol equivalents
  10. 9The amount of carbohydrates used for energy calculation based on the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (2020 Edition)
  11. 10The dietary fiber intake was calculated using the modified Prosky method (enzymatic-gravimetric method) based on the Standard Tables of Food Composition in Japan (202 0Edition)
  12. BS Bristol stool form scale