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Papuan people inhabiting the island of New Guinea are the most ancient population living outside Africa, having resided in the region for at least 50,000 years. The arrival of Austronesian speakers and other g...
Respiratory modulation is generally observed in the inferior vena cava (IVC). If similar respiratory modulation exists in peripheral superficial veins, it would be possible to dilate the vein diameter by respi...
Dietary fiber (DF) is beneficial for preventing constipation, and the metabolites produced by gut microbiota fermentation are suggested to positively influence on depression and sleep. Additionally, constipati...
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a site of non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) in mammals. Since the rediscovery of BAT in adult humans, there has been a remarkable advance in human BAT researches, revealing the si...
Acute physical exercise, even at a very-light-intensity, potentiates prefrontal cortex activation and improves executive function. The underlying circuit mechanisms in the brain remain poorly understood, thoug...
Low-intensity physical activity plays a key role in weight regulation, and reduced engagement in such activities is associated with rising obesity rates. This study explored the relationship between body fat d...
Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is widely used as a convenient method of measuring body composition. The validity of the phase angle (PhA), impedance rate (IR), and resistance rate (RR) as indices of mu...
This review aims to update our understanding of human cold adaptation. First, an overview of the thermoregulatory response to cold is provided, with some recent updates in human brown adipose tissue (BAT). Var...
Prediction of sports success (sports talent) based on individual genetic characteristics is the main goal of sports genetics/genomics. Most often, markers of predisposition to speed-strength sports, or enduran...
Humans have long pondered their genesis. The answer to the great question of where Homo sapiens come from has evolved in conjunction with biotechnologies that have allowed us to more brightly illuminate our dista...
Skin ageing is influenced by complex genetic factors. Various phenotypes such as wrinkling, pigmentation changes, and skin cancers have been linked to specific genetic loci. However, the underlying genetic mec...
Skin ageing takes on many different forms. Despite this diversity in skin ageing phenotypes, literature published to date is limited in scope, as many research studies either focus on one single phenotype or j...
The oxidative handicap hypothesis posits that testosterone-dependent traits, such as muscle mass and strength, may be costly to develop due to testosterone’s pro-oxidative properties, leading to increased oxid...
Napping during night shifts is a countermeasure against fatigue and sleepiness, which both impact patient safety. However, there is insufficient evidence on how nurses nap, especially concerning their napping ...
Muscle architecture is closely related to muscle function. Increased knowledge of growth changes in muscle architecture will provide insights into the development of human movements and sports performance duri...
Circulating fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4) influences cardiovascular disease and glucose metabolism. Acute aerobic exercise increases circulating FABP4 concentrations, but the factors underlying this eff...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of elevated core temperature by exposure to heat stress vs. heat exposure without elevated core temperature (mean skin temperature only) in addition to ...
Pentosidine is representative of the cross-linked structure of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and has been suggested as a biomarker to assess bone and muscle quality. As studies on pentosidine in young...
The efficacy of whole-body cryostimulation (WBC) may be influenced by individual characteristics. The aim of this study is to determine the optimal exposure time required to reach the analgesic threshold of 13...
Heart rate is one of the most crucial vital signs and can be measured remotely using microwave Doppler radar. As the distance between the body and the Doppler radar sensor increases, the output signal weakens,...
Maternal preconception overweight status has been reported to be associated with an increased risk of overweight offspring. However, there are no published population-based studies on the association between m...
Tibetan highlanders have adapted to hypoxic environments through genetic mechanisms that avoid hemoglobin concentration increases and prevent polycythemia. Recently, sex differences in hemoglobin dynamics with...
Saturation diving (SD) is useful and safe in deep diving for long durations. Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force (JMSDF) Undersea Medical Center (UMC) maintained safely deep 45 ATA SDHowever, cognitive performan...
Thermogenesis is influenced by fluctuations in sex hormones during the menstrual cycle in premenopausal women. The thermogenic activity and mass of brown adipose tissue (BAT) are regulated by endocrine factors...
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as a decrease in lean body mass and an increase in body fat mass (BFM) due to aging. Detecting SO in elderly women is important from the perspective of extending healthy life...
Previous studies have reported that the sense of “self” is associated with specific brain regions and neural network activities. In addition, the mirror system, which functions when executing or observing an a...
The positive changes in hygienic living conditions are commonly believed to explain secular changes in body height and the age of maturity. However, it is difficult to estimate the separate impacts of these fa...
Adaptation to cold was essential for human migration across Eurasia. Non-shivering thermogenesis through brown adipose tissue (BAT) participates in cold adaptation because some genes involved in the differenti...
Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), diabetes, and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) have been a major focus of research in recent decades as the prevalence of these conditions continues to rapidly increase globally...
Chronic gastritis caused by Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection is a common gastrointestinal disorder. Despite the high prevalence of Hp infection and chronic gastritis in the Tibetan Plateau, there is a lack of s...
In the mammalian retina, intrinsically-photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGC) detect light and integrate signals from rods and cones to drive multiple non-visual functions including circadian entrainmen...
Previous study has shown that height loss (defined as the highest quartile of height loss per year) was inversely associated with serum albumin levels. Furthermore, comparatively healthy hyponutrition has been...
Changes develop on the facial skin as a person ages. Other than chronological time, it has been discovered that gender, ethnicity, air pollution, smoking, nutrition, and sun exposure are notable risk factors t...
Having higher muscle mass in early adulthood is an important factor in preventing sarcopenia. However, university students undergo lifestyle changes compared to their high school years, which may lead to chang...
Physiological dysregulation/allostatic load and the geriatric syndrome frailty increase with age. As a neurophysiological response system, allostasis supports survival by limiting stressor-related damage. Frai...
Local alternating heat and cold stimulation as an alternative to contrast bath may cause intermittent vasoconstriction and vasodilation, inducing a vascular pumping effect and consequently promoting increased ...
Nutritional anthropology is the study of human subsistence, diet and nutrition in comparative social and evolutionary perspective. Many factors influence the nutritional health and well-being of populations, i...
The original article was published in Journal of Physiological Anthropology 2023 42:23
The concept of metabolically obese, normal weight (MONW) has emerged to describe individuals with a normal body mass index (BMI) who are at a relatively high risk of chronic diseases. However, BMI itself is a ...
Myopia, commonly known as near-sightedness, has emerged as a global epidemic, impacting almost one in three individuals across the world. The increasing prevalence of myopia during early childhood has heighten...
Sleep disruption has been shown to affect immune function and thus influence allergic disease manifestation. The specific effects of sleep on allergic diseases, however, are less well-established; hence, in a ...
Human brown adipose tissue (BAT) activity is associated with lower body fatness and favorable glucose metabolism. Previous studies reported that oral fructose loading induces postprandial fibroblast growth fac...
This study aims to investigate the behavioral and neurophysiological changes accompanying the empathy for pain among individuals with insomnia in nonclinical samples, which has been scarcely explored in the ex...
Black pepper is one of the most popular spices globally. As black pepper essential oil has not yet been used in the context of aromatherapy, this study examined the effect of black pepper aroma on cardiac and ...
We investigated the relationship between sleep, ambient climate, and bed climate in school-aged children during a one-night stay in a simulated shelter in a gymnasium to demonstrate the effect of ambient clima...
Predicting nurse turnover risk is crucial due to the global nursing shortage; however, existing predictors, such as fatigue and burnout, lack objectivity. Salivary cortisol is a non-invasive marker of stress a...
Among zoonotic infections, leptospirosis has a worldwide distribution and high prevalence in tropical regions. It has a broad clinical presentation from mild to severe, life-threatening infection. Leptospires,...
Overweight and obesity among children have become significant global health concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R gen...
Age and reduction in performed physical activity cause physiological changes that include an increase in body fat (BF) and visceral fat (VF) during aging. These parameters, together with increased body mass (B...